This section outlines lingering questions about the Student Assistance Program (SAP) that current research has not fully answered.

• Is SAP effective in supporting students’ long-term academic success even after a referral case is closed?

While SAP often focuses on addressing immediate concerns, it is unclear whether students continue to benefit academically once formal support ends and the case is closed. Future research could examine whether SAP has lasting effects on grades, attendance, graduation outcomes, and even higher education.

• How does SAP support students who are facing multiple challenges at the same time, such as mental health concerns and substance use issues? Additionally, how does the program coordinate different types of resources and services to meet these varied needs?

Many students experience multiple challenges in SAP, which may require different types of support. More research is needed to understand how SAP coordinates multiple services and whether this approach effectively meets students’ needs. 

• How often do students and families follow through with the referrals and services recommended by SAP teams?

SAP relies on students and families to follow through with the outside support services the program recommends. However, not all families are able or willing to access these resources. Future research could examine what makes it easier for families to follow through with referrals, as well as what barriers, such as time, cost, transportation, or stigma, may prevent students from receiving the support they need.

• Are community resources equally available in all areas, and how does this impact SAP’s effectiveness?

Access to mental health and substance use services can vary widely depending on a school’s location and the resources available in the surrounding community. Some schools may have strong partnerships with local agencies, while others may have limited service options or long wait times. Future research could examine how differences among urban, suburban, and rural areas affect SAP’s ability to support students.