The Drug Crisis
During the 1970s and 1980s, the use of illicit substances among adolescents was widespread and increasing at a rapid rate. During this period, drugs became easily accessible and socially acceptable, causing more students to experiment with substances. In addition to marijuana, stimulants and opioids, often referred to as “hard drugs” due to their high risk and addictive potential, became increasingly common. As substance use among students increased, concerns grew nationwide about its impact on academic performance.
Image: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Student Drug Use in America 1975-1980, n.d
1984
In 1984, only four Pennsylvania school districts (Neshaminy, East Penn, DuBois Area, and General McLane) had already developed formal programs to support students struggling with substance abuse and behavioral challenges. Recognizing that these early programs were effective, the Pennsylvania Department of Health’s Office of Drug and Alcohol Programs awarded grants to these districts and selected them as pilot districts to help establish the Student Assistance Program (SAP). Each of the four districts was required to choose members of faculty, staff, and administration to form a SAP Team and receive training. After completing the training, the teams returned to their districts to officially begin implementing the Student Assistance Program (SAP).
1985
In 1985, the Statewide Student Assistance Program Advisory Committee was established. The committee was created to provide Department of Education staff with input on maintaining high-quality programming and ensuring that funding is used effectively.
1986
During the mid to late 1980s, the nation experienced a rise in suicide deaths, particularly among adolescents and high school students. In response to the increasing suicide rate, SAP was expanded to include support for students facing mental health challenges. This expansion was led by the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare’s Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services.
1990
In 1990, Act 211 ( P.S.§ 15-1547 of the PA School Code) was enacted. This Act required school districts "to establish and maintain a program to provide appropriate counseling and support services to students who experience problems related to the use of drugs, alcohol, and dangerous controlled substances” (History of Student Assistance in Pennsylvania, 2018).
1991
In 1991, the Student Assistance Program (SAP) was formally mandated for all public K–12 school districts in Pennsylvania, fulfilling the requirement established under Act 211.